1. Introduction Lactose is the main sugar in milk and therefore the main energy source for the newborn. Milk contains 4,8% lactose [1]. Lactose is a disaccharide consisting out of glucose and galactose. In normal physiological conditions lactose is hydrolyzed by lactase also known as lactasephlorizin hydrolase and under [...]
Abstract: Several studies in animals and humans have shown positive effects of nondigestible oligosaccharides (NDO) on mineral absorption and metabolism and bone composition and architecture. These include inulin, oligofructose, fructooligosaccharides, galactooligosaccharides, soybean oligosaccharide, and also resistant starches, sugar alcohols, and difructose anhydride. A positive outcome of dietary prebiotics is [...]
Abstract: Because the human gut microbiota can play a major role in host health, there is currently some interest in the manipulation of the composition of the gut flora towards a potentially more remedial community. Attempts have been made to increase bacterial groups such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus that [...]
Abstract: Background: It is currently unclear whether parenteral selenium supplementation should be recommended in the management of critically ill patients. Here we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of parenteral selenium supplementation on clinical outcomes. Methods/Principal Findings: Randomized trials investigating parenteral selenium supplementation administered in [...]
Abstract: Several lines of evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that specific micronutrients may have beneficial effects in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Such effects appear to be complex and may include filtering short wavelength light and attenuating oxidative and inflammatory damage as well as other structural [...]
Abstract: The lens and retina of the human eye are exposed constantly to light and oxygen. In situ phototransduction and oxidative phosphorylation within photoreceptors produces a high level of phototoxic and oxidative related stress. Within the eye, the carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin are present in high concentrations in contrast [...]
Age-related macular degeneration is the leading cause of irreversible visual dysfunction in individuals over 65 in Western Society. Patients with AMD are classified as having early stage disease (early AMD), in which visual function is affected, or late AMD (generally characterized as either ‘‘wet’’ neovascular AMD, ‘‘dry’’ atrophic AMD [...]
ABSTRACT - Purpose. Methods. ARPE-19 cells were used for the study on the accumulation mechanism of lutein. The concentration of lutein was determined using an HPLC system. Involvement of scavenger class B type 1 (SR-B1) in the accumulation of lutein in ARPE-19 cells was suggested from the results of [...]
Background Observational cohort studies and a secondary prevention trial have shown an inverse association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular risk. We conducted a randomized trial of this diet pattern for the primary prevention of cardiovascular events. Methods n a multicenter trial in Spain, we randomly assigned [...]
Abstract: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) remain the superior choice worldwide in antisecretory therapy in the evidence-based treatment of upper gastrointestinal disorders including gastroesophageal reflux disease, erosive esophagitis, dyspepsia and peptic ulcer disease. PPI overutilization in ambulatory care settings is often a result of failure to re-evaluate the need for [...]
